For decades, mobile connectivity has depended largely on networks of ground-based towers and fibre infrastructure. But a new generation of satellite technology is attempting to change that model by connecting ordinary smartphones directly to satellites.
Japan has taken a significant step in this direction. Rakuten Group and AST SpaceMobile announced plans on November 9, 2026, to establish a joint venture called Rakuten AST to develop a satellite communications network for Japan.
The project has been selected for government support of up to ¥148 billion, approximately US$1 billion, over three years. Rakuten will hold a 51% stake in the venture, while AST SpaceMobile will own the remaining 49%.
The proposed network will use Japanese-flagged low-Earth-orbit satellites designed to work with compatible mid-band spectrum. Its objective is to enable conventional smartphones to connect directly to satellites, with domestic operations targeted to begin by March 2029.
The technology could help extend connectivity to locations where building conventional mobile infrastructure is difficult or expensive. Remote islands, mountainous regions, maritime areas and disaster-affected locations are among the potential beneficiaries.
Direct-to-device satellite connectivity is attracting global attention because it could complement existing mobile networks rather than replace them. A satellite connection may provide basic communication coverage when a user moves outside the reach of terrestrial towers, depending on the service, handset compatibility and regulatory permissions.
India is also moving towards this technology. On November 5, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India released recommendations for a new Satellite Communication Network Provider Authorisation framework. The proposals could allow satellite operators to supply network capacity to telecom service providers, creating a route for direct-to-device services.
However, TRAI’s recommendations are not final government rules. Regulatory approvals, spectrum arrangements, security requirements and commercial partnerships will determine how quickly services can become available.
The connectivity market is becoming increasingly competitive. Satellite companies, mobile operators and technology businesses are exploring ways to combine terrestrial and space-based networks. This could create new revenue opportunities while improving coverage for customers.
There are still technical challenges. Satellite services must manage network capacity, signal conditions, device compatibility and the cost of deployment. They may also need to work alongside existing mobile operators to ensure a consistent customer experience.
The larger opportunity goes beyond mobile calls and messages. Reliable connectivity can support emergency response, transport, agriculture, maritime operations and remote business activity.
The future of mobile networks may not be defined only by faster 5G or 6G speeds. It could also be defined by the ability to stay connected almost anywhere on Earth.
